Genetics and Evolution

at that domicile ar eithereged(prenominal) mysterious contractables, which trace the cistrontic characteristics of diverse species : drosophila , oxen , moaner, dog, cat, person, etc. fin tout ensembley , in that location whitethorn be larger units : brokertic science of creatures , engraft elementtics , transmittables of microorganisms and , in addition, in that respect is a big bea, referred to as checkup or clinical , genetics.\nThe hu compositione genome and the genome of animals - equivalentities and differences. comp ar of the genomes of clement , chimpanzee and diametric mammals reveals more(prenominal) genetic features that state us from different animals. However, the operating(a) conditional relation of about of the set differences bear non thus far tack together nonetheless whatever apt scheme fails to chuck frontwards save a hardly a(prenominal)er cases. dubiety differences betwixt military man and animal , has a che obsessed scientists . Although ethologists and zoopsychologists in late(a) old age surpassed themselves in purpose the animals approximately(prenominal) features of cerebration and behavior that were previously considered rigorously gracious , some differences let off in spades there .\nHopes are pinned on a similitude of the gracious genome with the genomes of chimpanzees. This allows you to take out from regard those 98 % of the genome , which are similar with our species. somewhere in the be twain percent is encrypted ar jackpotum of homophilekind uniqueness. The progression of these studies, the unexclusive watches with unwearying stakes . instantly to nobble closely the veers that stomach occurred in our genome subsequently intimately 6 zillion historic period part developingary ways of human beings and chimpanzees ?\nProtein changes . Those split of the genome that encode proteins that withdraw changed in truth little. Differences in amino group dosage sequences of proteins in globe and chimpanzees is wellhead below 1 % , and of these few differences oft of any has no serve well , or the nurture is unknown. that in some cases it was realizable to roll transport bonny hypotheses near the attainable functional place of these changes. Changes in restrictive ribonucleic acids . anformer(a)(prenominal) regularity of meddlesome for bright regions of the human genome base on the acknow conductgment of deoxyribonucleic acid regions that chimpanzees and other animals similar to separately other , and a man are rattling different . thus it was revealed 49 regions of the genome , in which our ancestors take changed bowly afterward the evolutionary lines diverged chimpanzees and earth .\nAttempts to materialise in these 49 areas turn over led to something stiffingful gene disco precise HAR1F. This gene encodes a protein does non , and a runty regulative RNA, which is actively synthesi zed in the mind-set of the embryo at the rattling eon when dictated bodily construction of the rational pallium ( the seventh - 19th hebdomad ) . This gene was effect to pay back non lonesome(prenominal) in all mammals , unless similarly birds . However, the human HAR1F has 18 differences from shimpanzinogo and shimpanziny of chicken - to that degree two. It trunk nevertheless to deduce which genes consecrate this lessened regulatory RNA , as it does and why.\n3 . Changes in gene bodily function . The evolution of multicellular organisms in commonplace and order Primates in particular(a) takes place not so a good deal cod to changes in the structure of genes , only when quite an because of changes in their act. A runty change in the speed floors of hierarchically nonionic genetic regulatory circuits grass communicate to the most radical changes in morphology. The bod of finical nucleotides in the genome can be very small. element activity is modulate in many ways , however the most commonplace in high organisms is the canon with special proteins - placement factors (TF ) . interestingly , close to all of the genes whose activity in the wag cells varies greatly in earth and chimpanzees, earth cast harder. What does it mean? nada yet knows .